BiteSizedChunks.comLearn one small thing at a time.

Courses Suggested Paths Pricing

Course contentsShowHide

Operating Systems

1668Choosing a target: x86, x86-64, ARM or RISC-V
1669Cross-compiler toolchain
1670QEMU for OS development
1671A bootloader in 512 bytes
1672BIOS interrupts for output
1673Reading disk sectors in real mode
1674Entering protected mode
1675Writing the GDT
1676Loading the GDT with lgdt
1677Switching to 32-bit code
1678Linker scripts
1679Freestanding C
1680Kernel entry point
1681Multiboot header
1682Writing to VGA text memory
1683A kernel printf
1684Serial port output for debugging
1685Debugging with GDB and QEMU
1686Makefile and build system
1687Entering long mode
1688Four-level paging bootstrap
1689Higher-half kernel
1690UEFI application kernel loader
1691Memory map from the firmware
1692Writing the IDT
1693Exception handlers
1694Remapping the PIC
1695The keyboard interrupt
1696PIT timer interrupt
1697APIC setup
1698Physical memory manager: bitmap
1699Physical memory manager: free stack
1700Page frame allocator
1701Virtual memory manager
1702Enabling paging
1703Page fault handler
1704Kernel heap with kmalloc
1705Slab allocator for a toy kernel
1706Kernel threads vs. user threads
1707Task structure design
1708Context switch in assembly
1709A round-robin scheduler
1710Priority scheduler in a toy kernel
1711Sleep and timers
1712Spinlocks in a toy kernel
1713Semaphores in a toy kernel
1714Userspace and ring 3
1715The TSS and kernel stack switching
1716System call interface in a toy OS
1717Implementing syscall and sysret
1718ELF loader
1719Process creation in a toy OS
1720User-mode libc
1721Implementing fork
1722Implementing exec
1723Implementing wait and exit
1724Signals in a toy OS
1725PS/2 keyboard driver
1726Mouse driver
1727ATA PIO disk driver
1728AHCI driver
1729NVMe driver basics
1730PCI enumeration in a toy OS
1731Framebuffer graphics
1732Text console driver
1733Virtio block driver
1734Network card driver: e1000
1735A tiny TCP/IP stack
1736ARP and ICMP in a toy OS
1737RAM disk
1738VFS layer design
1739FAT32 driver
1740ext2 read-only driver
1741Writing a simple filesystem
1742Pipes in a toy OS
1743Device files
1744A init process
1745A simple shell for the toy OS
1746Porting newlib
1747Porting a C library
1748Running DOOM on a hobby OS
1749Multicore bring-up: APs
1750Inter-processor interrupts in a toy OS
1751SMP locking
1752ACPI parsing
1753Power off and reboot
1754Loading modules
1755Where to take your OS next

Operating Systems

1668Choosing a target: x86, x86-64, ARM or RISC-V
1669Cross-compiler toolchain
1670QEMU for OS development
1671A bootloader in 512 bytes
1672BIOS interrupts for output
1673Reading disk sectors in real mode
1674Entering protected mode
1675Writing the GDT
1676Loading the GDT with lgdt
1677Switching to 32-bit code
1678Linker scripts
1679Freestanding C
1680Kernel entry point
1681Multiboot header
1682Writing to VGA text memory
1683A kernel printf
1684Serial port output for debugging
1685Debugging with GDB and QEMU
1686Makefile and build system
1687Entering long mode
1688Four-level paging bootstrap
1689Higher-half kernel
1690UEFI application kernel loader
1691Memory map from the firmware
1692Writing the IDT
1693Exception handlers
1694Remapping the PIC
1695The keyboard interrupt
1696PIT timer interrupt
1697APIC setup
1698Physical memory manager: bitmap
1699Physical memory manager: free stack
1700Page frame allocator
1701Virtual memory manager
1702Enabling paging
1703Page fault handler
1704Kernel heap with kmalloc
1705Slab allocator for a toy kernel
1706Kernel threads vs. user threads
1707Task structure design
1708Context switch in assembly
1709A round-robin scheduler
1710Priority scheduler in a toy kernel
1711Sleep and timers
1712Spinlocks in a toy kernel
1713Semaphores in a toy kernel
1714Userspace and ring 3
1715The TSS and kernel stack switching
1716System call interface in a toy OS
1717Implementing syscall and sysret
1718ELF loader
1719Process creation in a toy OS
1720User-mode libc
1721Implementing fork
1722Implementing exec
1723Implementing wait and exit
1724Signals in a toy OS
1725PS/2 keyboard driver
1726Mouse driver
1727ATA PIO disk driver
1728AHCI driver
1729NVMe driver basics
1730PCI enumeration in a toy OS
1731Framebuffer graphics
1732Text console driver
1733Virtio block driver
1734Network card driver: e1000
1735A tiny TCP/IP stack
1736ARP and ICMP in a toy OS
1737RAM disk
1738VFS layer design
1739FAT32 driver
1740ext2 read-only driver
1741Writing a simple filesystem
1742Pipes in a toy OS
1743Device files
1744A init process
1745A simple shell for the toy OS
1746Porting newlib
1747Porting a C library
1748Running DOOM on a hobby OS
1749Multicore bring-up: APs
1750Inter-processor interrupts in a toy OS
1751SMP locking
1752ACPI parsing
1753Power off and reboot
1754Loading modules
1755Where to take your OS next

← Operating Systems

Search the Operating Systems glossary

Lesson 1682 of 2,075·26. Building a Toy OSFree lesson

Writing to VGA text memory

Writing your lesson…

← Previous Next lesson →

© 2026 BiteSizedChunks.com. Learn one small thing at a time.

Glossary Contact Terms of Service Privacy Policy