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1What is Static Typing?
2Runtime Errors vs Compile-Time Errors
3The Cost of Dynamic Typing at Scale
4Autocomplete and IntelliSense Benefits
5Self-Documenting Code Through Types
6Refactoring Confidence
7Catching Null and Undefined Errors
8API Contract Enforcement
9The Testing Tradeoff
10Team Communication Through Types
11The Gradual Typing Advantage
12When Static Typing Isn't Worth It
13TypeScript's Origins at Microsoft
14The Problem TypeScript Set Out to Solve
15TypeScript 0.8 Through 1.0
16TypeScript 2.x: Gaining Momentum
17TypeScript 3.x: Advanced Types Era
18TypeScript 4.x: Refinement and Performance
19TypeScript 5.x: Modern Features
20Community Adoption Milestones
21The Role of DefinitelyTyped
22TypeScript's Relationship with TC39
23Flow: Facebook's Type Checker
24ReasonML and ReScript: OCaml-Based Alternatives
25PureScript and Elm: Pure Functional Alternatives
26JSDoc Type Annotations in Plain JavaScript
27Hegel: A Stronger Type System for JavaScript
28Why TypeScript Won Adoption
29Trade-offs: Flexibility vs Soundness
30When to Choose TypeScript Over Alternatives
31TypeScript Adoption in the Industry
32Framework Integration: React, Vue, Angular
33Backend TypeScript: Node.js and Beyond
34TypeScript in Package Ecosystems
35Build Tools and TypeScript
36Editor Support and Language Services
37Testing with TypeScript
38Monorepo Tooling and TypeScript
39Community Resources and Learning
40The TypeScript Release Cycle

1What is Static Typing?
2Runtime Errors vs Compile-Time Errors
3The Cost of Dynamic Typing at Scale
4Autocomplete and IntelliSense Benefits
5Self-Documenting Code Through Types
6Refactoring Confidence
7Catching Null and Undefined Errors
8API Contract Enforcement
9The Testing Tradeoff
10Team Communication Through Types
11The Gradual Typing Advantage
12When Static Typing Isn't Worth It
13TypeScript's Origins at Microsoft
14The Problem TypeScript Set Out to Solve
15TypeScript 0.8 Through 1.0
16TypeScript 2.x: Gaining Momentum
17TypeScript 3.x: Advanced Types Era
18TypeScript 4.x: Refinement and Performance
19TypeScript 5.x: Modern Features
20Community Adoption Milestones
21The Role of DefinitelyTyped
22TypeScript's Relationship with TC39
23Flow: Facebook's Type Checker
24ReasonML and ReScript: OCaml-Based Alternatives
25PureScript and Elm: Pure Functional Alternatives
26JSDoc Type Annotations in Plain JavaScript
27Hegel: A Stronger Type System for JavaScript
28Why TypeScript Won Adoption
29Trade-offs: Flexibility vs Soundness
30When to Choose TypeScript Over Alternatives
31TypeScript Adoption in the Industry
32Framework Integration: React, Vue, Angular
33Backend TypeScript: Node.js and Beyond
34TypeScript in Package Ecosystems
35Build Tools and TypeScript
36Editor Support and Language Services
37Testing with TypeScript
38Monorepo Tooling and TypeScript
39Community Resources and Learning
40The TypeScript Release Cycle

Lesson 1022 of 1,796·24. Classes in TypeScriptPro lesson

Optional Properties in Classes

Mark class properties as optional with ? to allow undefined values without initialization.

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