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43What is Vertical Scaling?
44What is Horizontal Scaling?
45Comparing Cost Structures
46Hardware Limits of Vertical Scaling
47Single Point of Failure in Vertical Scaling
48Network Throughput Constraints
49Application Complexity Trade-offs
50When to Choose Vertical Scaling
51When to Choose Horizontal Scaling
52Hybrid Scaling Strategies
53Geographic Distribution Benefits
54Scaling Databases: Special Considerations
55What Makes a Service Stateless
56What Makes a Service Stateful
57Scaling Stateless Services Horizontally
58Challenges of Scaling Stateful Services
59Externalizing State with Shared Storage
60Sticky Sessions and Load Balancer Affinity
61Stateless Authentication with Tokens
62When Stateful Services Are Necessary
63Converting Stateful to Stateless Architectures
64Hybrid Approaches: Stateless Core with Stateful Edge
65What is Data Partitioning?
66Why Partition Data?
67Partitioning vs Sharding Terminology
68What is Data Replication?
69Why Replicate Data?
70Partitioning and Replication Together
71Single-Leader Replication Model
72Multi-Leader Replication Model
73Leaderless Replication Model
74Partitioning Increases Complexity
75Choosing Partition and Replication Strategies

43What is Vertical Scaling?
44What is Horizontal Scaling?
45Comparing Cost Structures
46Hardware Limits of Vertical Scaling
47Single Point of Failure in Vertical Scaling
48Network Throughput Constraints
49Application Complexity Trade-offs
50When to Choose Vertical Scaling
51When to Choose Horizontal Scaling
52Hybrid Scaling Strategies
53Geographic Distribution Benefits
54Scaling Databases: Special Considerations
55What Makes a Service Stateless
56What Makes a Service Stateful
57Scaling Stateless Services Horizontally
58Challenges of Scaling Stateful Services
59Externalizing State with Shared Storage
60Sticky Sessions and Load Balancer Affinity
61Stateless Authentication with Tokens
62When Stateful Services Are Necessary
63Converting Stateful to Stateless Architectures
64Hybrid Approaches: Stateless Core with Stateful Edge
65What is Data Partitioning?
66Why Partition Data?
67Partitioning vs Sharding Terminology
68What is Data Replication?
69Why Replicate Data?
70Partitioning and Replication Together
71Single-Leader Replication Model
72Multi-Leader Replication Model
73Leaderless Replication Model
74Partitioning Increases Complexity
75Choosing Partition and Replication Strategies

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Lesson 46 of 1,919·2. Scaling FoundationsPro lesson

Hardware Limits of Vertical Scaling

Physical limits on CPU, memory, and I/O constrain how far a single machine can scale vertically.

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